Cactae
The Cactaceae family, commonly known as cacti, is a diverse group of succulent plants adapted to arid and semi-arid environments. Native primarily to the Americas, cacti are renowned for their unique adaptations that enable them to conserve water and survive in harsh conditions. These adaptations include thick, fleshy stems that store water, a reduced number of leaves or modified leaves (spines) to minimize water loss, and specialized root systems that efficiently absorb moisture from the soil.
Cacti exhibit a wide range of forms, from the towering Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) to the diminutive, spherical species like the Pincushion Cactus (Mammillaria). They often have ribbed or tuberculate stems, which can expand to store more water during periods of rainfall. The family is also known for its striking flowers, which are often large, vibrant, and pollinated by a variety of animals, including birds, bats, and insects.
In cultivation, cacti are popular for their unusual shapes and low-maintenance requirements. They prefer well-draining soil and thrive in bright light. Overwatering is a common mistake that can lead to root rot, so they should be watered sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Many cacti also have specific temperature and dormancy requirements that should be respected to ensure healthy growth.